Helpful Tips for Managing Separation Anxiety in Dogs

If you've ever come home to find your house has been ransacked, you might suspect a break-in, but more often than not, you'll quickly figure out that the culprit was actually your stressed-out pooch. Separation anxiety in dogs can lead to some seriously destructive and dangerous behaviours.

When left alone, your dog might bark, whine, chew on furniture, try to escape, or even express their bowels. While these problems may frustrate you, they can be a sign of separation anxiety, stress, and even depression in dogs, so it's important to treat this problem appropriately.

Curing dog separation anxiety quickly is a myth. Instead of looking for shortcuts that aren't likely to work, be prepared to take your time to build a safe, enriching, and consistent routine.

In this blog, we'll cover the basics of dog separation anxiety including the most common causes, symptoms, and treatment tips.

Understanding Dog Separation Anxiety

Subtle symptoms of separation anxiety often go unnoticed or are chalked up to bad dog behaviour.

In fact, a study showed that 72.5% of dogs studied showed signs of anxiety-like behaviours, with separation anxiety affecting around 5% of them.

 

While some dogs are nervous from day one, other dogs learn these behaviours over time. Dog separation anxiety can be triggered by changes to your normal routine, like moving, a new baby, and even a new work schedule.

Separation anxiety is considered a mental health disorder and is defined as “being afraid of being separated from a particular person, persons, or even a pet”.

For a dog, this means they fear being separated from their owner and will react when that happens.

Canines that develop separation anxiety can start to show anxious behaviours. The dog will often start to panic just minutes after you leave them alone. Many start to whine, howl or display excessive barking. The dog may pace, chew, pant, salivate, or eliminate in the house.

It's not just when they are home alone, either. Untreated separation anxiety often makes your dog extremely clingy. They may follow you around the house, to the bathroom, or even just get anxious if another person is taking up too much of your attention.

How Long Can a Dog Be Left Alone?

With proper training and a safe and comfortable environment, dogs can be left alone for 8+ hours at a time, but that doesn't always mean that they should be. The average adult dog can hold their bladder for 8 hours, but if you don't train your dog to be comfortable being alone, then that is going to be a long, stressful, and destructive 8 hours. 

Crate training, doggy daycare, and dog walking services are all great options to limit alone time for dogs who aren't yet ready to spend your work day at home alone.

Puppy Separation Anxiety

Puppies can also have separation anxiety. It's not uncommon for puppies who've recently left their mothers to be anxious or stressed. Fortunately, puppies often learn new habits more easily and can often adapt to changes in environment and routine faster than adult dogs.

Older pets have already established routines and behaviours that may be more difficult to replace, while puppies are often little sponges for knowledge and experience.

5 Causes of Separation Anxiety in Dogs

So why is your dog all of a sudden so needy? Dog separation anxiety can start early in a dog's life, but even elderly dogs can display severe separation anxiety.

There are many reasons that your dog may not like being alone, but the sudden onset of separation anxiety in dogs is usually caused by a big change in their life.

They may have spent years being totally comfortable being home alone for a few hours each day, but now can't stand it when you are not with them for more than a few minutes at a time.

The first step in treating separation anxiety is understanding the cause. Dogs with separation anxiety are prone to having panic attacks and other distress responses if they are not properly treated and taught coping strategies.

Here are a few things that may trigger separation anxiety in your pup:

1. Environmental Changes

Did you recently move homes? Or move out of the province? Are you your dog's second owner? Did you adopt them from a shelter? Just like these events could trigger a human to have an anxiety attack, they may have done the same to your pup.

Dogs develop separation anxiety when they feel insecure due to change. Big environmental changes are both scary and confusing to your dog, so it's important to help them comfortably acclimate to their new surroundings.

2. New Family Members

If your dog's destructive behaviours happen to coincide with a new family member entering your home, then this could very well be the cause of your dog's stress. New babies are especially challenging for dogs because not only is there a new person, but that person is taking up all of your time.

New roommates and pets can also have a similar effect. In these situations, your dog's destructive habits may not be isolated when he's home alone but it could result in frustrating or even aggressive behaviours when you are sitting right next to them. We call this a puppy tantrum.

3. Schedule Changes

Dogs thrive on routine, so if your schedule changes drastically, like going back to the office after working from home for a year, then your dog may not be happy about this and start to show signs of separation anxiety.

Big changes like being home at different hours of the day or disrupting their normal activities like walks or meals often lead to your dog acting out to get attention. Many will indulge in destructive behaviours.

4. Grief 

Another reason your dog might be stressed is when they lose a person or a fellow furbaby. Dogs feel grief just like we do, and they know when their home is missing a familiar presence. The dog's ability to understand where the person or pet went is often out of the scope of the dog's mind.

Any sudden emotional loss can lead a dog to start developing separation anxiety. It could be a death in the family (furry or otherwise) or a child or sibling moving away for college. Either way, this big change could trigger separation in your loyal and loving dog.

Any sudden absence is hard for a pup to cope with and can quickly lead to problems.

5. Illness

Dogs that are recovering or managing a serious illness, injury, or disease are likely to come out the other end a little more anxious than they went in. We can't explain to them the pain, discomfort, vet visits, surgeries, and lifestyle changes, so it's common for pets to feel extra needy during or after the recovery period.

Any serious condition or medical problem can quickly lead to signs of separation anxiety. Many dogs who suffer from a urinary tract infection who have previously been completely house trained can start to eliminate in the house as a result of the illness but also because they start experiencing separation anxiety.

Once back to full health, some dogs gradually adapt on their own, but bad habits and behaviours can be difficult to un-train once your dog has adapted to them for long enough. You'll need to help your dog cope with the changes and relearn house training.

5 Symptoms Of Separation Anxiety In Dogs

Think your dog has separation anxiety? You may be right. But if you're unsure, pay attention to their mood, what they do when you're away, and even their general health and dietary habits.

Just like for us, anxiety can throw everything out of whack. Crate training is a great way to act as a dog sitter for pet training.

Place a food-stuffed toy or puzzle-stuffed toy to keep your dog's mind active and avoid unwanted distress behaviours.

Here are some common dog anxiety symptoms you may see or at least come home to:

1. Urinating and Defecating

Does your dog pee or poop in the house, but only when you leave? They may have separation anxiety. If your dog urinates or defecates when you're home as well, then they most likely just need to be potty trained.

2. Barking While You're Gone

When left alone, separation anxiety in dogs may cause them to bark, howl, or whine the whole time they're alone. If you get calls from neighbours or notice that whenever you're out of sight, your dog seems to make noise, he may be suffering from separation anxiety.

3. Chewing and destruction is Common

For some dogs, the best way to deal with separation anxiety is to chew on whatever they get into. They may also go through the trash, run into doors and walls, dig at the carpet or outside, and even hurt themselves (accidentally) by shuffling up and down stairs or getting into unsafe areas.

You may have heard horror stories about dogs chewing holes through drywall or tearing the baseboard off the wall in an effort to escape confinement.

This puts your dog at risk of ingesting something potentially toxic or harmful and is a serious safety cue that there is a problem and the animal is under extreme stress. The behaviour can be so extreme that the pet suffers from broken teeth.

4. Pacing

While you may not notice pacing when you're at home if you have a dog camera or notice lines on your carpet, this is also a sign of separation anxiety. Your dog may walk back and forth, consistently walk in a circle, or walk in a pattern over and over. As the dog continues, he may start to dig on the floor or bark.

5. Overgrooming

If you are starting to notice extra shedding or even bald patches on your dog, he may be over-grooming as a way to self-soothe when he's stressed. Your dog may aggressively lick or chew his paws, nurse himself, or pluck fur.

This may seem odd, but when you think of the nervous nail-biting habits that people have when they are stressed, it's not that hard to understand.

Your dog may have one or all of the above symptoms. If they do, chances are, they have separation anxiety. Now, let's talk about how to deal with it.

How To Deal With Separation Anxiety In Dogs

Can separation anxiety in dogs be cured? Every dog is different, so there is no one-size-fits-all solution to separation anxiety. However, the tips below may help ease their fear of being separated from you. With patience, dog separation anxiety training sessions can help.

Treating anxiety takes time, patience, and a little bit of trial and error, so don't expect a quick fix. Be prepared for mistakes, and be as consistent and supportive as you can during this process. With time, you can build your dog's confidence, teach healthy and safe routines, and stop destructive behaviours for good.

Have A Predictable Routine

When your dog displays anxious behaviours, calm your dog down by having a daily routine. This routine needs to include exercise time, feeding time, training time, outside time (or potty time), and any other time that your dog needs.

This routine needs to happen at the same time every single day. Then, during the times that you're supposed to leave, try to have that time be for a nap or alone playtime.

Try to plan ahead for routine changes so that you can practice the changes with your dog before it's crunch time. Dogs suffering from anxiety function best with a strict routine.

Meet Your Dog's Needs

Is your dog getting enough exercise, mental stimulation, and attention? Is he going outside to go to the bathroom enough? Has he received sufficient training? By meeting your dog's needs (consistently), he will be more likely to settle down and relax when you can't give him your full attention.

In anticipation of schedule changes, you may want to start adjusting activities to suit your dog's needs and make sure he is getting what he needs regardless of your busy schedule.

Give Them Their Own Space

Your dog should have their own bed, crate, pen, room, or mat to sleep, relax, and play with their toys. Provide toys like a puzzle toy stuffed item to work your dog's brain and keep their mind off being alone. Toys will often make a happy dog for short periods.

Find out more in our Foolproof Guide to Crate Training

Of course, this will be what you use during training as well (when telling them to stay or go to their place). But the important part is that over time, your dog will consider this his own special place, thus feeling comfortable whenever he lays there.

Reinforce With Treats

When a dog is trained to follow commands like sit and stay, most likely, they are taught with treats. You can do the same thing to help train your dog to not have separation anxiety.

When your dog whines, digs, or even barks, you shouldn't reinforce these behaviours with a treat. Instead, reinforce behaviours like settling down, being relaxed, and showing independence.

You can do this by teaching them the “stay” command and extending it out for a few minutes before providing a treat. You can also teach your dog to go to their crate, bed, or mat and reward them when they sit and stay in their area.

Remember, don't ignore the anxious dog. But teach them that you reward good behaviour, like being relaxed and in their space. A food reward is a great way to divert your dog's attention from being alone for very short periods.

Don't Punish

Whatever you do, don't ever yell at, scold, or punish your dog for having separation anxiety. They are not purposefully being disobedient. The dog's destructive acts are a sign of the canine's excessive attachment and need for physical contact with you. Only by understanding the problem and providing positive reinforcement can pet parents overcome the issue.

This is a normal reaction to being stressed or in distress. By punishing instead of training and helping, you may make the problem worse.

Talk to Your Vet About Medication

If your dog has extreme separation anxiety, training and routine may only go so far. Of course, you'll need to consult with a veterinarian or a veterinary behaviourist, but dog anxiety medications may help.

In cases of severe separation anxiety in dogs, anti-anxiety medication can help your dog deal with times of isolation without having panic attacks or showing destructive behaviour.

This is typically a last resort for dogs that put themselves at risk of physical harm due to their destructive behaviours. If your dog takes any medications, be sure to let your veterinarian know so they can customize a treatment plan.

Home Remedies For Separation Anxiety In Dogs

In most cases, the best way to fix separation anxiety in dogs is a combination of routine, training, and proper environment. The right natural calming supplements may also be useful tools to keep your dog calm and relaxed. Natural home remedies for separation anxiety in dogs are often mild but extremely safe to try.

Here are some home remedies you can try for your dog's separation anxiety.

1. Workout

A tired dog is less likely to be destructive. Before leaving them alone, go on a nice long walk with my dog, or play with your dog for 30 minutes to an hour.

Focus on getting all of their energy out and making sure that you're attentive. This will not only tire them out but allow them to have that quality, one-on-one time with you that they crave.

Forming a close bond with your furry friend is a great way to treat separation anxiety and modify the dog's behaviour in a positive fashion.

2. Treats

Using a puzzle toy like a Kong with a treat in the middle can keep your dog occupied anywhere from 15 to 45 minutes, which is the perfect amount of time to get ready and leave your home before they notice.

3. Chews

Natural chews are another great option for keeping your dog busy. Bully sticks, raw bones, and tendons are great for food-motivated dogs that love to chew.

Keep in mind that not all dogs should be left with a chew unsupervised If you aren't comfortable with how your dog chews, stick to tough dog toys that can't be eaten.

4. CBD

CBD is still considered controversial to some people, but there are quite a few promising studies that have shown the benefits of using CBD.

One of those benefits is reducing anxiety and helping to calm down, which can keep them from destroying the items in your home or, worse, hurting themselves. After treatment, a dog exhibits a calmer attitude.

5. Calming Solutions

Natural calming solutions like Adored Beast Apothecary Hemp seed Oil could be a good alternative if you are not sure about CBD products quite yet. Calming ingredients like chamomile and L-theanine blend with nutritious hemp seed oil to boost your dog's immune system and ease stress.

Help Your Dog Conquer Separation Anxiety

Separation anxiety in dogs is more common than you think. But you can help your dog reduce their anxiety, as well as build better routines and practices. Your dog loves you, and separation anxiety is an extreme example of that. But, with patience, practice, and consistency, both of you will be happier and healthier.

Don't hesitate to reach out for professional help if you are finding your dog's anxiety to be persistent or if you feel your dog is in danger of harming themselves with their destructive behaviours.

Your vet or a certified applied animal behaviourist can help you determine if medication is needed, and a dog trainer can help teach you how to implement effective systems and solutions for your dog's extreme clinginess.

A veterinary behaviourist understands how a dog learns and can even prescribe drug therapy if needed. Typically, more severe cases of separation anxiety require a complex, multi-step treatment plan that includes medication combined with behaviour modification.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dog Separation Anxiety

Why does my dog follow me everywhere?

Your dog follows you because he needs attention or because you've rewarded him for following you in the past. You can avoid this with proper training, as well as following the above tips on how to avoid separation anxiety.

How long can you leave a puppy alone?

Because you need to feed and let out a puppy every two to three hours, they shouldn't be left alone longer than that. If you plan on being gone all day for work or like to take extended trips or vacations, a puppy may not be the best option for you.

How long can you leave a dog at home?

Unlike puppies, adult dogs can survive a little longer at home alone. The general rule of thumb is around four to six hours alone, but most dogs will learn to adapt to your routine over time.

Can I train a dog to not be clingy?

For the most part, yes. By working with a behaviour specialist or investing in training, you can help your dog avoid separation anxiety with behaviour modification.

Are male dogs more prone to separation anxiety than female dogs?

Separation anxiety can affect both male and female dogs, but individual temperament and life experiences play a more significant role than gender.